Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. , CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. Liddell Hart's claims for his own influence on the German doctrine of, Sherman wrote in a letter to Halleck, dated December 24, 1864, "that we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies.". "[215][216][217] Sherman himself stated that "[i]f I had made up my mind to burn Columbia I would have burnt it with no more feeling than I would a common prairie dog village; but I did not do it"[218] Sherman's official report on the burning placed the blame on Confederate lieutenant general Wade Hampton, who Sherman said had ordered the burning of cotton in the streets. In The White Tecumseh, Stanley Hirshson has crafted a beautiful and rigorous work of scholarship, the only life of Sherman to draw on regimental histories and testimonies by the general's own men. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. [289] Sherman was thus presented by Lost-Cause authors as the antithesis of the Southern ideals of chivalry supposedly embodied by General Lee. By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". Beginning with the battle at First Bull Run, Virginia (July 1861), he led troops through Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Atlanta, the March to the Sea (November & December 1864), and Columbia, South Carolina. [35][36] Sherman unwittingly helped to launch the California Gold Rush by drafting the official documents in which Governor Mason confirmed that gold had been discovered in the region. He was devoted to the theater and to amateur painting and was in demand as a colorful speaker at dinners and banquets, in which he indulged a fondness for quoting Shakespeare. In 1875, Henry V. Boynton published a critical review of Sherman's memoirs "based upon compilations from the records of the war office". [223][h], In June 1865, two months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, Sherman received his first postwar command, originally called the Military Division of the Mississippi, later the Military Division of the Missouri, which came to comprise the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". For the most part, Sherman refused to revise his original text on the ground that "I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history" and "any witness who may disagree with me should publish his own version of [the] facts in the truthful narration of which he is interested". "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. After the death of John A. Rawlins, Sherman also served for one month as acting Secretary of War. Copies of Letters of William Tecumseh Sherman in 1859-61 and Other Communications, etc. [188][191], Sherman's military legacy rests primarily on his command of logistics and on his brilliance as a strategist. "[283][284], "Since the public mind has settled to the conclusion that the institution of slavery was so interwoven in our system that nothing but the interposition of Providence and horrid war could have eradicated it, and now that it is in the distant past, and that we as a nation, North and South, East and West, are the better for it, we believe that the war was worth to us all it cost in life and treasure." [177] Some abolitionists accused Sherman of doing too little to alleviate the precarious living conditions of these refugees, motivating Secretary of War Stanton to travel to Georgia in January 1865 to investigate the situation. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". [174] Sherman rejected this, arguing that it would have delayed the "successful end" of the war and the "[liberation of] all slaves". "[60] In what some authors have seen as an accurate prophecy of the conflict that would engulf the United States during the next four years,[61][62] Boyd recalled Sherman declaring: You people of the South don't know what you are doing. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861-65), for whi [270] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. [154] Having defeated the Confederate forces under Johnston at Bentonville, Sherman proceeded to rendezvous at Goldsboro with the Union troops that awaited him there after the captures of the coastal cities of New Bern and Wilmington. Ewing was a prominent member of the Whig Party who became U.S. senator for Ohio and the first Secretary of the Interior. [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. "[219] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires. [296] Former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara refers equivocally to the statement that "war is cruelty and you cannot refine it" in both the book Wilson's Ghost[297] and in his interview for the documentary film The Fog of War (2003). [228] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. He was particularly interested in targeting South Carolina, the first state to secede from the Union, because of the effect that it would have on Southern morale. William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. [265], "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. [173] Sherman's views on race evolved significantly over time. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. [262] However, Sherman did include the views of some others in the appendices to the new edition.[j][k]. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. [23] Sherman roomed with and befriended another important future Civil War general for the Union, George H. Thomas. [182], Four days later, Sherman issued his Special Field Orders, No. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. [295], The influential literary critic Edmund Wilson found in Sherman's Memoirs a fascinating and disturbing account of an "appetite for warfare" that "grows as it feeds on the South". [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. [c] He became exceedingly pessimistic about the outlook for his command and he complained frequently to Washington about shortages, while providing exaggerated estimates of the strength of the rebel forces and requesting inordinate numbers of reinforcements. Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. This was the largest single capitulation of the war. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. . [142] Sherman then dispatched a message to Lincoln, offering him the city as a Christmas present.[143][e]. In his memoirs, Sherman said, "In my official report of this conflagration, I distinctly charged it to General Wade Hampton, and confess I did so pointedly, to shake the faith of his people in him, for he was in my opinion boastful, and professed to be the special champion of South Carolina. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. 142, 38Th Congress, 2D Session by Gen William Tecumseh Sherman, George Henry Thomas, John Pope, 9780342519576, available at LibroWorld.com. [141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 26 November 1884, in Omnia Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States, his father, John Wingert, was 50 and his mother, Charlotte Wagner, was 32. In studies I always held a respectable reputation with the professors, and generally ranked among the best, especially in drawing, chemistry, mathematics, and natural philosophy. In all else you are totally unprepared, with a bad cause to start with. For other uses, see. Besides, where are your men and appliances of war to contend against them? "[94], In late April a Union force of 100,000 men under Halleck's leadership, with Grant relegated to second-in-command, began advancing slowly against Corinth. [195] Liddell Hart also declared that the study of Sherman's campaigns had contributed significantly to his own "theory of strategy and tactics in mechanized warfare", and claimed that this had in turn influenced Heinz Guderian's doctrine of Blitzkrieg and Rommel's use of tanks during the Second World War. He lived in Washington Township, Page, Iowa, United States for about 20 years and Locust Grove . [274], Sherman wrote to his wife in 1842: "I believe in good works rather than faith. Maria Ewing Sherman (1851-1913) 2. Four or more generations of descendants of William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) if they are properly linked: 1. George H. Thomas and John M. Schofield to deal with Hood; their forces eventually smashed Hood's army in the battles of Franklin (November 30) and Nashville (December 1516). I want peace, and believe it can only be reached through union and war, and I will ever conduct war with a view to perfect and early success. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (18611865), achieving recognition for his command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched-earth policies that he implemented against the Confederate States. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1133383802, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 14:25. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. Thomas Ewing Sherman (1856-1933) 2. William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) 2. [51][52] In 1856, during the vigilante period, he served briefly as a major general of the California militia. At first you will make headway, but as your limited resources begin to fail, shut out from the markets of Europe as you will be, your cause will begin to wane. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. Sherman's efforts in that position were focused on protecting the main wagon roads, such as the Oregon, Bozeman and Santa Fe Trails. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. William Tecumseh Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. He tells us what he thought and what he felt, and he never strikes any attitudes or pretends to feel anything he does not feel. [124] As Grant took overall command of the armies of the United States, Sherman wrote to him outlining his strategy to bring the war to an end: "If you can whip Lee and I can march to the Atlantic I think ol' Uncle Abe [Lincoln] will give us twenty days leave to see the young folks. [53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. [135] In response, Hood moved north into Tennessee. For further details about Sherman's banking career, see Dwight L. Clarke. He interrupted his military career in 1853 to pursue private business ventures, without much success. [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. Johnston replied: "If I were in [Sherman's] place, and he were standing in mine, he would not put on his hat." He lived in Harvey Township, Cowley, Kansas, United States in 1900 and Oswego, Labette, Kansas, United . Sherman then succeeded Grant at the head of the Army of the Tennessee. [34] In June 1848, Sherman accompanied the military governor of California, Col. Richard Barnes Mason, to inspect the gold mines at Sutter's Fort. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. Sherman accepted the surrender of all the Confederate armies in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida in April 1865, but the terms that he negotiated were considered too generous by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, who ordered General Grant to modify them. [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. There, Sherman had replaced his army comrade, the co-founder Henry Smith Turner when family matters forced the latter to return to St. Louis. [207][208] Though exact figures are not available, the loss of civilian life appears to have been very small. Schofield. [160], Sherman believed that the terms that he had agreed to were consistent with the views that Lincoln had expressed at City Point, and that they offered the best way to prevent Johnston from ordering his men to go into the wilderness and conduct a destructive guerrilla campaign. General William Tecumseh Sherman is best remembered for his leadership during the Civil War. During this time he was a member of the Indian Peace Commission. When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. [259], Proposed as a Republican candidate for the presidential election of 1884, Sherman declined as emphatically as possible, saying, "I will not accept if nominated and will not serve if elected. He took no precautions beyond strengthening his picket lines, and refused to entrench, build abatis, or push out reconnaissance patrols. Sherman survived two shipwrecks and floated through the Golden Gate on the overturned hull of a foundering lumber schooner. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [102] Soon after, Major General John A. McClernand ordered Sherman's XV Corps to join in his assault on Arkansas Post. Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. 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