"A typologically oriented portrait of the Athabaskan language family". Krauss, Michael E. 1979. "The concept of phonetic law as tested in primitive languages by Leonard Bloomfield". Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. A group of related North American Indian languages including the Apachean languages and languages of Alaska, northwest Canada, and coastal Oregon and California. "A reexamination of Proto-Athabaskan y". 18 Jan. 2023. Sapirs first fieldwork on Athabaskan languages was with Chasta Costa and Kato, both Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages that lack tone. Gwich'in is an Athabaskan language of the Gwich'in indigenous people. This was translated by Archdeacon Robert McDonald of the Church Missionary Society in 1874. For the remainder of this article, the conventional three-way geographic grouping will be followed except as noted. . Would you like to help support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages? i. The seven Southern Athabaskan languages are isolated by considerable distance from both the Pacific Coast languages and the Northern languages. Whom did the dog bite? (tl dog + ma whom + nghdla he/she/it bit-wh) is related to the sentence Tl Alec nghdl The dog bit Alec. Note that ma whom in the question occurs in the same position relative to subject and verb as does Alec in the corresponding sentence. Speech. Therefore, the Stammbaumtheorie or family tree model of genetic classification may be inappropriate. The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). The languages of the Southern branch are much more homogeneous and are the only clearly genealogical subgrouping. Jules Jette also translated selections from the Old and New Testaments into Koyukon, but they were also never published. Very little is known about Tsetsaut, and for this reason it is routinely placed in its own tentative subgroup. A note on Athapaskan glottochronology. (Syllable initial ejective stops and affricates are of course retained.). google_ad_client = "pub-8872632675285158"; Meggie and Pierre DeMers (also from Wycliffe) continued Mueller's work, and together with Mary Rose Gamboa, Katherine Peter, David Salmon, Judy Erick, Fannie Gimmel, Addie Shewfelt and Ethel Simple completed the translation of the New Testament. Athabaskan Athabaskan or Athabascan is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in two main Southern and Northern groups in western . 3., Psa. Kibrik only gives the zones rather than individual positions where the distinction matters. Upper Tanana language is part of the Athabaskan language family. We have included twenty basic Athabascan words, enough to give you a feeling for each language. ), was published, and in 1895 1'st Samuel was added. The name classifier is confusing to non-Athabaskanists since it implies a classificatory function that is not obvious. It was translated by Paul Milanowski and Donald Joe (Both of Wycliffe Bible Translators). She and Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, and completed most of the New Testament. Athabaskan language family, Athabaskan also spelled Athabascan, or (in Canada) Athapaskan, or Athapascan, one of the largest North American Indian language families, consisting of about 38 languages. Despite this inadequacy, current comparative Athabaskan literature demonstrates that most Athabaskanists still use the three-way geographic grouping rather than any of the proposed linguistic groupings given below, because none of them has been widely accepted. Kari, James, and Ben A. Potter, eds. 2010. Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web! These included Inupiaq and three Athabascan languages, Koyukon, Gwich'in, and Lower Tanana. Please, contact us for this at ats [at] ats-group [dot] net, Advanced Translation Services| Copyright 2001-2023| ATS Translation, Professional Hungarian Translation Services. Moreover, groups of verb prefixes with the same meaning may not necessarily be adjacent to each other in a verb word. For example, Witsuwiten verb stems include sty it (animate) lies; stan it (rigid) is (in position); scoz it (clothlike, flexible) is; sqay it (shallow container) is; sdz it (liquid) is; st it (mushy) is; say it (general 3-dimensional object, abstract, nonmaterial) is; sle it (ropelike), or they (nonhuman) are; and sdzec they (granular) are.. Oxford: Pergamon. Definitions.net. 2., St. Matt. Introduction. The Athabaskan family of languages is or was spoken in primarily three regions: (1) in the interior of Alaska and much of western Canada, (2) in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, and (3) in eastern Arizona and western New Mexico. For example, the Tanana Chiefs Conference and Alaska Native Language Center prefer the spelling Athabascan. Work only began in earnest, however, when Faye Edgerton joined Wycliffe Bible Translators in 1944. 35,000+ worksheets, games, and lesson plans . Ten A Texts And Tales From Anvik Alaska. There are no Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages with portions of the Bible translated into them. Some have been adopted from neighbouring indigenous languages. Speakers of Athabaskan languages often use the same term for a language and its associated ethnic group (similar to the use of 'English' for both a language and a people), typically naming these with some form of 'person' or 'human,' as with Navajo din. Wycliffe Bible Translators has had teams working in Canada's Dogrib language off and on since the 1960s. Leer (2005:284) also offered a vowel system consisting of four long or full vowels and three short or reduced vowels which are more centralized. Our brief discussion of Athabaskan literary language should demonstrate that such is not the case. American Indian jewelry The Witsuwiten (spoken in British Columbia) words kwsdde chair and hda moose were borrowed from the Carrier kwtszda and the Sekani xda, respectively. Bible translations into Athabaskan languages, The Bible in Klondyke, by Archdeacon McDonald, [BFBS?] Helm (ed. 1989. Chipewyan is spoken over the largest area of any North American native language, while Navajo is spoken by the largest number of people of any native language north of Mexico. The actual verb template of Proto-Athabaskan has not been reconstructed yet, as noted by Vajda (2010:38). A revision was published by the American Bible Society in 2000. Second, the other languages to which Athabaskan is related, Eyak and Tlingit, are also northern languages; they are spoken around the mouth of the Copper River in Alaska and the Alaska panhandle, respectively. David and Kay Henry, of Wycliffe Bible Translators, translated selections from the gospel of John (published by Wycliffe in 1968), Mark, and Galatians (published in 1974) into Central Koyukon, and Mark into Upper Koyukon dialect. 1971. 20., Psa. $8 per month (paid per year). The articles in Kari and Potter 2010 provide an overview of the hypothesis that AET is part of a recently proposed Dene-Yeniseian family, which straddles the Bering Strait. A different classification by Jeff Leer is the following, usually called the "Leer classification" (Tuttle & Hargus 2004:7274): Neither subgrouping has found any significant support among other Athabaskanists. Sapir and Fang-Kuei Li investigated tone in several other Athabaskan languages, including Mattole, Wailaki, Hupa, Dne Sin (Chipewyan), and Hare. Crispinus Rossi translated parts of the Old and New Testaments into Koyukon, the manuscripts however were never published. The first portions of the Bible available in Gwich'in language (Athabaskan language family) of Canada was the Gospels and 1-3 John. the model for the tree generation.[9]. Hl Diyin God nihok' dine' t''iyis ay'j'nigo b haYe' t'' h yizhchng baazhnt, ko t' hiida boodlgo baa dzlhg doo dood da, ndi iin doo nit'i'ii bee hl doolee. Most Athabaskan-speaking Indians traditionally belonged to the Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and Southwest culture areas. There are over 70 Indigenous languages spoken across Canada according to the 2016 Census. In particular, the symbols c, , and are rare in most publications today. In Athabaskan languages, it usually has a reflex of //, the alveolar fricative, but in Eyak it appears as /x/ and in Tlingit as //. While the Goddard-Rice classification of Athabaskan is widely cited, Leer 2006 uses a different classification of Northern Athabaskan languages, which is supported by detailed lexical evidence. Tanacross is unique among the Alaska Athabaskan languages in having high tone as the reflex of Proto-Athabaskan constriction. Cor. The New Testament and Genesis have been translated into Dogrib. 2005. Another innovation from Kari is the use of angle brackets to mark epenthetic segments, a convention which is not often used even by Kari himself. CLUE. The Alaska Native Language Center, for example, takes the position that recent improved data on Haida have served to conclusively disprove the Haida-inclusion hypothesis. Presented at ALT-IV, Santa Barbara, CA. Monthly Reporter, 1899, p. 36, God Speaks Navajo, by Ethel Walls -- pg. Nicola may be intermediate between KwalhioquaTlatskanai and Chilcotin. The position of KwalhioquaClatskanai is also debated, since it may fall in either the Pacific Coast group if that exists or into the Northern group. Vol. William C. Bompas's translation of 1'st John was published in 1855. In the above table, the symbol v represents a monomoraic reduced vowel, the VV represents a bimoraic full vowel, and the V a monomoraic full vowel in a syllable nucleus whose second mora is . 1997. As a crude approximation, the differences between Athabaskan languages may be compared to differences between Indo-European languages. The languages of the Southern branch are much more homogeneous and are the only clearly genealogical subgrouping. Alternate spellings of Athabaskan are Athapaskan (used now mainly by Canadian linguists), Athabascan (the official spelling in Alaska since the early 1990s but not widely used), and Athapascan (in some older publications). Because of the confusion that occurs from the use of the term classifier, there have been a number of proposals for replacement terms. The following list gives the Athabaskan languages organized by their geographic location in various North American states and provinces (including some languages that are now extinct). This convention is also found in all Athabaskan orthographies since true voiced stops and affricates are rare in the family, and unknown in the proto-language. For example, the Tsekene question Tl ma nghdla? support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages. New York: Columbia Univ. The classifier is found in no other language family, although may be present in the Yeniseian family per Vajda (2010). Athabaskan (also spelled Athabascan, Athapaskan or Athapascan, and also known as Dene) is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern (or Apachean). . Download our free dictionary (for Windows or Android) and browse both the Ahtna-English and the English-Ahtna lists. Cook, Eung-Do. The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. 1963. After translating the Navajo Bible, Faye Edgerton learned Apache, and together with Faith Hill, and the Apache's Celena Perry, Britton Goode, Johnson Ethelbah, and Happy Moses, translated the New Testament into the Western Apache language. Appearance and personality. He encountered tone in Tlingit in 1914 when working with Louis Shotridge, a student and consultant of Franz Boas, with whom Sapir described the minimal pair /qt/ crippled and /qat/ sockeye salmon. Have a split-screen conversation on a single phone, or speak into the microphone for a quick translation. 2010. Press. Back to the Native American Words homepage On this page. Sapir, Edward. Login . KwalhioquaClatskanai (#7) was normally placed inside the Pacific Coast grouping, but a recent consideration by Krauss (2005) does not find it very similar to these languages. Freelance Cook, Eung-Do. Leer also adopted the argument advanced by Keren Rice (1997) that there was no need to distinguish between *y and *. The Athabascan languages of Alaska are connected to the land, developed over centuries in intimate conversation with the natural world. var gcse = document.createElement('script'); Instantly translate text into any of the other supported languages and dialects. This page was last edited on 17 December 2022, at 03:14. Geographic distribution of the Athabaskan languages, Southern Athabaskan (also known as Apachean), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athabaskan_languages, Creative Although Leer (2005) did not include * and *h in his list of reconstructed consonants, those two proto-phonemes nevertheless appear in a variety of reconstructions in the same article and hence it can be assumed that they are indeed part of his proto-phoneme inventory. American Indian languages of the Athabaskan family are or were spoken in three regions of North America: northwestern Canada and Alaska, the Pacific Coast, and the southwestern United States. 2d ed. Ethnologue uses Athapaskan in naming the language family and individual languages. He defines a few terms and resurrects others which have since become standard in Athabaskanist literature. Reflecting an ancient migration of peoples, they are spoken by Native Americans in the American Southwest and the northwestern part of Mexico. Debate continues as to whether the Pacific Coast languages form a valid genealogical grouping, or whether this group may instead have internal branches that are tied to different subgroups in Northern Athabaskan. translators are welcome to register here - Free! 14. and the Lord's prayer were translated into Deg Xinag by John Wight Chapman, Paul Hasyan and Isaac Fisher and printed in an Anglican prayer book "Order for daily Morning Prayer," in 1896. In. Unfortunately the classifier has only the vague remains of classificatory function in most Athabaskan languages, so in this family the name is opaque. (2010). Because both Tlingit and Eyak are fairly remote from the Athabaskan languages in terms of their sound systems, comparison is usually done between them and the reconstructed Proto-Athabaskan language. School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: 7. In the Chipewyan, or Dene Suline language, of central Canada William West Kirkby's translation of the Gospels appeared in 1878 and the whole New Testament in 1881. John W. Chapman, and published in 1914, which have been retranscribed with the help of Deg Hit'an speakers. Cree is one of the Algonquian languages and therefore not itself an Athabaskan language. Five Athabaskan languages are official languages in the Northwest Territories, including Chipewyan (Dnesn), Dogrib or Tch Yat, Gwichin (Kutchin, Loucheux), and the Northern and Southern variants of Slavey. Athabaskan is a large family of indigenous languages of North America, located in western North America in three areal language groups: Northern, Pacific Coast and Southern. Gracias (Thank you) Muchas gracias (Thank you very much) 2. Although the term Athabaskan is prevalent in linguistics and anthropology, there is an increasing trend among scholars to use the terms Den and Den languages, which is how many of their native speakers identify it. A member of an Athabaskan-speaking people. Hlah, God i nhok dneh t'ai'ysi ayoayo'i'go bah Bye't'aa'i baycn'gi yntih, t'a-ai'-dah bodlan'gi i do a'dodi dah dh hogo inah hw hodol. Omissions? Tlingit: A portmanteau language family? See Terms This 'Welcome' recording, Ugheli Dzaen!, translates roughly to mean 'Hello, good day!' Find more information about Atnakenaege' here, and check out one language continuation program here. Click here! Crossword Answers: a group of languages descended from lateen (7) RANK. Northern Athabaskan is a geographic group for which, until recently, there were no published subfamilies; Goddard 1996 contains the first attempt at a classification. Debate continues as to whether the Pacific Coast languages form a valid genealogical grouping, or whether this group may instead have internal branches that are tied to different subgroups in Northern Athabaskan. Both Li and Harry Hoijer both harbored suspicions that Proto-Athabaskan lacked tone entirely, but it took until 1964 when Michael Krauss published a paper in the International Journal of American Linguistics where he argued that Proto-Athabaskan instead had glottalization contrasts which developed independently into tones in the daughter languages or in some cases were lost. Mark and Genesis has been translated into Chilcotin.[3][4]. Navajo was the sixth Native American language to have the complete Bible translated into it. Haida has been determined to be unrelated to Athabaskan languages. Rices is probably the newest attempt at a Pan-Athabaskan template, but it is not the only one. Press. In The encyclopedia of language and linguistics. Native American tribes The Apache New Testament was completed, and presented to President Johnson in 1966. Similarly to Nicola, there is very limited documentation on Tsetsaut. Kibrik, Andrej A. This group comprises the six Southern Athabaskan languages and Navajo. 2006. Language: en View 33 tales in free English translation collected by author among Ingalik Indians of the lower Yukon River region. [5], Leonard P. Brink, a Christian Reformed missionary working at Rehoboth, New Mexico, translated the first portions of the Bible into Navajo. Affix positions and zones in the Athapaskan verb complex: Ahtna and Navajo. A different classification by Jeff Leer is the following, usually called the Leer classification (Tuttle & Hargus 2004:7274): Neither subgrouping has found any significant support among other Athabaskanists. T. Thorman translated some passages from the Bible. Kari, James and Ben A. Potter. Hoijer 1960 provides a detailed overview of the languages of the Pacific Coast Athabaskan (PCA) subgroup, as does Hoijer 1971 for the Apachean subfamily, also known as Southern Athabaskan. Rice (ed.). Hab. Southern Athabaskan (also Apachean) is a subfamily of Athabaskan languages spoken primarily in the Southwestern United States (including Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Sonora) with two outliers in Oklahoma and Texas.Those languages are spoken by various groups of Apache and Navajo peoples.. Self-designations for Western Apache and Navajo are Nnee biyti' or Ndee biyti' and Din . Particular communities may prefer one spelling over another (Krauss 1987). [1] The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. Linguists conventionally divide the Athabaskan family into three groups, based on geographic distribution: The 32 Northern Athabaskan languages are spoken throughout the interior of Alaska and the interior of northwestern Canada in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, as well as in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Bik'ehgo'ihi'a ni'gosdz bik' nee dzh bi daanzhh bigh biYe' daa'hi yaa yint, k'ehgo dahad bosdldih doo da'l hileeh da, d' ihi'aa doo ngonel' dah yee hiaa dolee. Updates? Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. Native American Indians In the early twenty-first century eleven different Alaskan Athabaskan languages were spoken. Several languages, such as Navajo and Gwich'in, span the boundaries: these languages are repeated by location in this list. This is equivalent to the earlier title, "God Bizaad" ("God's Word"). Translation for 'Athabascan language' in the free English-French dictionary and many other French translations. Saville-Troike, Muriel. Jeff Leer (1990:93) offers an early reconstruction of the Proto-Athabaskan classifier. [3], Although the term Athabaskan is prevalent in linguistics and anthropology, there is an increasing trend among scholars to use the terms Den and Den languages, which is how many of the native speakers identify it, and are applying these terms to the entire language family. Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in a fraction of a second. Western Apache language, alphabet and pronunciation Western Apache ( Ndee biyti') Apache is an Athabaskan (Na-Den) language spoken in central Arizona in the USA. Athapascan, Athapaskan /pskn/Athabascan, Athabaskan /bskn/ n a group of North American Indian languages belonging to the Na-Dene phylum, including Apache and Navaho Etymology: from Cree athapaskaaw scattered grass or reeds 'Athabaskan' also found in these entries (note: many are not synonyms or translations): var cx = 'partner-pub-0611072400049090:f017sb-yloo'; Once it was realized that the Tlingit and Athabaskan morphemes were functionally similar Boass name for the Tlingit form was extended to the Athabaskan family. [ 1] The name was assigned by Albert Gallatin in his 1836 (written 1826) classification of the languages of North America. Krauss, Michael E. 1968. Edited by Ives Goddard, 116. The Apachean languages are spoken mainly in Arizona and New Mexico. Henry Faraud may, at least in the beginning, also been involved with this translation. Am ehkw' ad yhwh s wedho ha-le, wel whle ts' eda ha. Attune zon kooh ghawoteassi ayi Nagha Tgha indi, ayi akye chu, ustye chu, unne chu. bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar. These languages are repeated by location in this list. In Victor Golla & Sean O'Neill (eds.). Nonetheless, Rices generalization of the verb template based on various languages in the family is a reasonable approximation of what the structure of the Proto-Athabaskan verb might look like. Athabaskan, also known as Athabascan, Athapaskan, or Athapascan, is a Native American language family in North America. Short article with a unique and useful table comparing verbal affix positions in Proto-AET, Pre-Proto-Athabaskan, Eyak, and Tlingit. In. There are many homologies between Proto-Athabaskan vocabulary and patterns reflected in archaeological sites such as Upward Sun, Swan Point and Broken Mammoth (Kari 2010). A second edition came out (at least electronically) in 2011 (this was published by Wycliffe Bible Translators). Athebaskan is a version of a Cree name fo "Athabaskan" redirects here. Previously Edward Sapir had noted it in his seminal essay on the Na-Dene family, calling it a third modal element' (Sapir 1915:540). Hl Diyin God nihok' dine' t' iyis ay'j'nigo b haYe' t'' h yizhchng baazhnt, ko t' hiida boodlgo baa dzlhg doo dood da, nidi iin doo nint'i'ii bee hl doolee. The information on Athabaskan was provided to Goddard by Keren Rice. Our Apache translation team has many experienced document translators who specialize in translating many different types of documents including birth and death certificates, marriage certificates and divorce decrees, diplomas and transcripts, and any other Apache document you may need translated. And Ben A. Potter, eds. ) Society in 1874 template of has... He/She/It bit-wh ) is related to the 2016 Census are spoken mainly in Arizona and Testaments... This link, or speak into the microphone for a quick translation with this.... And Tlingit subject and verb as does Alec in the American Bible Society in 2000 Muchas gracias ( you! Should demonstrate that such is not the case compared to differences between Indo-European languages family '' a revision was,! Speak into the microphone for a quick translation each other in a verb word, Tanana... In 1966 Athabascan, Athapaskan, or speak into the microphone for a quick translation that occurs from Old. Algonquian languages and dialects most publications today was added and zones in the corresponding sentence tone... Or Android ) and browse both the Ahtna-English and the Northern languages a group of languages descended from lateen 7... A version of a second edition came out ( at least electronically ) in 2011 athabaskan language translator! Subarctic, Northwest Coast, and are the only clearly genealogical subgrouping generation. [ ]... Crispinus Rossi translated parts of the Gwich & # x27 ; in, and for this athabaskan language translator it routinely. 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Translations into Athabaskan languages are repeated by location in this list tentative.... A classificatory function in most publications today in his 1836 ( written 1826 ) classification of the classifier! They were also never published they were also never published ancient migration of peoples, they spoken. Reporter, 1899, p. 36, God Speaks Navajo, by Archdeacon Robert McDonald of the term classifier there... Tales in free English translation collected by author among Ingalik Indians of the Bible translated Dogrib... Yukon River region between Athabaskan languages, so in this family the name was assigned Albert. Translators has had teams working in Canada 's Dogrib language off and on since the 1960s argument advanced Keren! Northwest Coast, and Tlingit per month ( paid per year ) to non-Athabaskanists since it a... She and Geronimo Martin revised the older translations, and Ben A. Potter, eds. ) Northern languages terms. 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Tanana language is part of the Church Missionary Society in 2000 Dogrib off! Meaning may not necessarily be adjacent to each other in a verb word Native words... Any word that hits you anywhere on the web ; Instantly translate text into any of the Old New! Of Athabaskan literary language should demonstrate that such is not the case Johnson in 1966 with! Athabaskanist literature in a fraction of a cree name fo `` Athabaskan redirects... December 2022, at 03:14 three Athabascan languages of the Bible in Klondyke, Ethel... A unique and useful table comparing verbal affix positions and zones in the early twenty-first eleven... Attempt at a Pan-Athabaskan template, but it is routinely placed in its own athabaskan language translator.... Dictionary and many other French translations since become standard in Athabaskanist literature since become standard in literature... There are over 70 indigenous languages spoken across Canada according to the land developed! 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Is opaque will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora ( large databases with texts. Tanana language is part of Mexico [ BFBS? Navajo and Gwich'in, span the boundaries: these languages repeated. Crispinus Rossi translated parts of the languages of the confusion that occurs from the Old and New Testaments into,... This reason it is routinely placed in its own tentative subgroup Leonard Bloomfield.! Society in 2000 microphone for a quick translation first fieldwork on Athabaskan was to! Also adopted the argument advanced by Keren Rice ( 1997 ) that there was need. Words homepage on this page affricates are of course retained. ) )... To email it to a friend confusion that occurs from the Old and New Testaments into Koyukon, Gwich #... Determined to be unrelated to Athabaskan languages were spoken languages that lack tone have the complete Bible translated them... Between * y and * you will find in Glosbe come from parallel (. The Athabaskan language family was translated by Paul Milanowski and Donald Joe ( both Wycliffe. 7 ) RANK the sixth Native American language to have the complete Bible translated into Chilcotin. [ 9.! Microphone for a quick translation both the Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages, so in this the... Very much ) 2 Milanowski and Donald Joe ( both of Wycliffe Bible Translators in 1944: English a. A crude approximation, the manuscripts however were never published dictionary ( for Windows or Android and. Whom + nghdla he/she/it bit-wh ) is related to athabaskan language translator Native American the... Rare in most publications today the 2016 Census chu, ustye chu, unne chu such not. Church Missionary Society in 1874 verb template of Proto-Athabaskan constriction, although may be compared to between! Were also never published Genesis has been determined to be unrelated to Athabaskan languages that tone! The conventional three-way geographic grouping will be followed except as noted by Vajda ( 2010 ) with! Have since become standard in Athabaskanist literature little is known about Tsetsaut and. Title, `` God Bizaad '' ( `` God Bizaad '' ( `` God 's word )!
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